Competitions

Competition directory

90 common speaking formats across 8 categories.

Formats and rules vary by organizer. This guide describes common formats and typical practices rather than universal competition rules.

Prepared Speech

You write and rehearse the speech in advance on a given or chosen topic.

General Speech
A speech on an assigned or open topic.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Topic ideas: The value of reading, Kindness at school
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Informative Speech
Teaches the audience something clearly.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Topic ideas: How vaccines work, Why the sky is blue
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Expository Speech
Explains and analyses a topic in depth.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Persuasive Speech
Aims to change belief or action.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Topic ideas: Ban single-use plastic in canteens
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Argumentative Speech
Builds a reasoned case with evidence and counterpoints.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Original Oratory
An original, persuasive or inspirational speech written by the speaker.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Motivational Speech
Encourages the audience to take action.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Inspirational Speech
Uplifts through story and meaning.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Special-Occasion Speech
Welcome, farewell, vote of thanks, toasts.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Commemorative Speech
Honours a person, event or day.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Demonstration Speech
Shows how to do something step by step.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Technology Speech
Explains a technology and its impact.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Topic ideas: AI in classrooms
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Current-Affairs Speech
Discusses a recent issue with sourced facts.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Environmental Speech
Addresses climate, nature or sustainability.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Social-Issue Speech
Raises awareness of a social problem.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Sales Pitch Competition
Pitches a product or idea persuasively in short time.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
TED-Style Talk
One idea worth sharing, told with story and clarity.
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Typical preparation: Days or weeks: research, write, edit, rehearse with a timer.
Typical structure:
1. Hook
2. Thesis / main idea
3. Two or three key points
4. Examples or evidence
5. Memorable close
Judges may look for: Content and originality, Organisation, Delivery and voice, Audience connection, Time management
Common mistakes: Memorising word-for-word and freezing; Too many points; Weak ending
Practice: Deliver your opening 30 seconds five times, each time with a different pause pattern.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.

Limited Preparation

Little or no preparation time. Terminology varies between organizations.

Format	Preparation	Typical skill
Impromptu	Very little	Thinking quickly
Extempore	Short	Organization under pressure
Extemporaneous	Limited	Research + analysis + delivery
JAM	Very short	Fluency + continuity
Table Topics	Immediate	Spontaneous response

Extempore Speaking
A school term for short-preparation speaking.
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Typical preparation: Seconds to a few minutes. Practise frameworks, not scripts.
Typical structure:
1. Pick one angle
2. Opening line
3. Three quick points
4. Clear close
Judges may look for: Quick thinking, Structure under pressure, Fluency, Relevance
Common mistakes: Rambling without a structure; Panicking in silence; Going off-topic
Practice: Pick a random object in your room and speak about it for 60 seconds.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Extemporaneous Speaking
Limited prep, often on current affairs with research.
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Typical preparation: Seconds to a few minutes. Practise frameworks, not scripts.
Typical structure:
1. Pick one angle
2. Opening line
3. Three quick points
4. Clear close
Judges may look for: Quick thinking, Structure under pressure, Fluency, Relevance
Common mistakes: Rambling without a structure; Panicking in silence; Going off-topic
Practice: Pick a random object in your room and speak about it for 60 seconds.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Impromptu Speaking
Little or no preparation at all.
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Typical preparation: Seconds to a few minutes. Practise frameworks, not scripts.
Typical structure:
1. Pick one angle
2. Opening line
3. Three quick points
4. Clear close
Judges may look for: Quick thinking, Structure under pressure, Fluency, Relevance
Common mistakes: Rambling without a structure; Panicking in silence; Going off-topic
Practice: Pick a random object in your room and speak about it for 60 seconds.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Just-a-Minute (JAM)
Speak for a minute without hesitation or repetition.
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Typical preparation: Seconds to a few minutes. Practise frameworks, not scripts.
Typical structure:
1. Pick one angle
2. Opening line
3. Three quick points
4. Clear close
Judges may look for: Quick thinking, Structure under pressure, Fluency, Relevance
Common mistakes: Rambling without a structure; Panicking in silence; Going off-topic
Practice: Pick a random object in your room and speak about it for 60 seconds.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Table Topics
Immediate response to a surprise question.
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Typical preparation: Seconds to a few minutes. Practise frameworks, not scripts.
Typical structure:
1. Pick one angle
2. Opening line
3. Three quick points
4. Clear close
Judges may look for: Quick thinking, Structure under pressure, Fluency, Relevance
Common mistakes: Rambling without a structure; Panicking in silence; Going off-topic
Practice: Pick a random object in your room and speak about it for 60 seconds.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Prepared Impromptu
Short prep on a drawn topic.
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Typical preparation: Seconds to a few minutes. Practise frameworks, not scripts.
Typical structure:
1. Pick one angle
2. Opening line
3. Three quick points
4. Clear close
Judges may look for: Quick thinking, Structure under pressure, Fluency, Relevance
Common mistakes: Rambling without a structure; Panicking in silence; Going off-topic
Practice: Pick a random object in your room and speak about it for 60 seconds.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Extemporaneous Commentary
Brief analysis of a current issue.
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Typical preparation: Seconds to a few minutes. Practise frameworks, not scripts.
Typical structure:
1. Pick one angle
2. Opening line
3. Three quick points
4. Clear close
Judges may look for: Quick thinking, Structure under pressure, Fluency, Relevance
Common mistakes: Rambling without a structure; Panicking in silence; Going off-topic
Practice: Pick a random object in your room and speak about it for 60 seconds.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Rapid-Fire Speaking
Quick answers to a series of questions.
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Typical preparation: Seconds to a few minutes. Practise frameworks, not scripts.
Typical structure:
1. Pick one angle
2. Opening line
3. Three quick points
4. Clear close
Judges may look for: Quick thinking, Structure under pressure, Fluency, Relevance
Common mistakes: Rambling without a structure; Panicking in silence; Going off-topic
Practice: Pick a random object in your room and speak about it for 60 seconds.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Picture-Based Speaking
Speak about an image shown on the spot.
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Typical preparation: Seconds to a few minutes. Practise frameworks, not scripts.
Typical structure:
1. Pick one angle
2. Opening line
3. Three quick points
4. Clear close
Judges may look for: Quick thinking, Structure under pressure, Fluency, Relevance
Common mistakes: Rambling without a structure; Panicking in silence; Going off-topic
Practice: Pick a random object in your room and speak about it for 60 seconds.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Situation Response
Respond to a given scenario as if living it.
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Typical preparation: Seconds to a few minutes. Practise frameworks, not scripts.
Typical structure:
1. Pick one angle
2. Opening line
3. Three quick points
4. Clear close
Judges may look for: Quick thinking, Structure under pressure, Fluency, Relevance
Common mistakes: Rambling without a structure; Panicking in silence; Going off-topic
Practice: Pick a random object in your room and speak about it for 60 seconds.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Word Association Speaking
Build a speech from a given word.
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Typical preparation: Seconds to a few minutes. Practise frameworks, not scripts.
Typical structure:
1. Pick one angle
2. Opening line
3. Three quick points
4. Clear close
Judges may look for: Quick thinking, Structure under pressure, Fluency, Relevance
Common mistakes: Rambling without a structure; Panicking in silence; Going off-topic
Practice: Pick a random object in your room and speak about it for 60 seconds.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.

Interpretation & Performance

Usually interprets existing material rather than writing an original speech.

Elocution
Recitation with precise diction.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Declamation
Delivering a famous speech in its spirit.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Speech Interpretation
Interpreting a known speech.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Dramatic Interpretation
Serious literary performance.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Humorous Interpretation
Comic literary performance.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Duo Interpretation
Two performers interpret a piece together.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Dramatic Monologue
One character speaking.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Poetry Recitation
Recite poetry with rhythm and feeling.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Original Spoken-Word Poetry
Perform your own poem.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Prose Reading
Expressive reading of prose.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Storytelling
Tell a story to hold the audience.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Folktale / Mythtelling
Retell traditional stories.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Program Oral Interpretation
A themed programme of several pieces.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Readers' Theatre
Group reading of a script.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Dramatic Reading
Reading with dramatic expression.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Character Monologue
Performing as a character.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Mimicry / Impersonation
Imitating voices respectfully.
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Typical preparation: Select a piece, understand it deeply, mark pauses and emotion, rehearse.
Typical structure:
1. Introduction of the piece
2. Performance
3. Controlled ending
Judges may look for: Expression, Voice and characterisation, Pauses, Emotion, Gesture, Memory
Common mistakes: Memorising without understanding; Over-acting; Rushing silences
Practice: Read one paragraph three times: angry, joyful, sad.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.

Debate

Structured argument for or against a motion. Timings and team sizes are organizer-dependent.

Parliamentary Debate
Teams as government and opposition.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
British Parliamentary
Four teams of two.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Asian Parliamentary
Two teams of three.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
American Parliamentary
Two-person teams, limited prep.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
World Schools Debate
Three-speaker teams with prepared and impromptu motions.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Policy Debate
Evidence-heavy debate on a policy resolution.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Lincoln-Douglas
One-on-one values debate.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Public Forum
Two-person teams on current events.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Oxford-Style Debate
Audience votes before and after.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Town-Hall Debate
Audience questions drive discussion.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Socratic Debate
Inquiry by questioning.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Cross-Examination Debate
Includes direct questioning periods.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Mock Trial
Simulated court case.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Moot Court
Simulated appellate argument.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Ethical Dilemma Debate
Ethics-focused case discussion.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Karl Popper Debate
Three-person teams with cross-examination.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Congressional Debate
Simulated legislature, bills and motions.
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Typical preparation: Research both sides, prepare evidence, practise rebuttal.
Typical structure:
1. Definition of motion
2. Arguments
3. Evidence
4. Rebuttal
5. Summary
Judges may look for: Logic, Evidence, Rebuttal, Teamwork, Poise
Common mistakes: Ignoring the opponent's points; Unsourced claims; Personal attacks
Practice: Write one argument and the strongest rebuttal against it.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.

MUN & Diplomacy

Simulations of international bodies. Procedures differ by conference.

Model United Nations
Simulation of UN committees.
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Typical preparation: Research committee, country policy (from official sources), the issue and procedure.
Typical structure:
1. Formal greeting
2. Country stance
3. Issue context
4. Evidence
5. Proposed solutions
6. Formal close
Judges may look for: Research, Policy accuracy, Diplomacy, Negotiation, Resolution writing
Common mistakes: Inventing country positions; Breaking character; Ignoring procedure
Practice: Write a 60-second opening speech for your country using only sourced facts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Model Parliament / Youth Parliament
Simulated legislative sessions.
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Typical preparation: Research committee, country policy (from official sources), the issue and procedure.
Typical structure:
1. Formal greeting
2. Country stance
3. Issue context
4. Evidence
5. Proposed solutions
6. Formal close
Judges may look for: Research, Policy accuracy, Diplomacy, Negotiation, Resolution writing
Common mistakes: Inventing country positions; Breaking character; Ignoring procedure
Practice: Write a 60-second opening speech for your country using only sourced facts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Model Arab League
Simulation of the Arab League.
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Typical preparation: Research committee, country policy (from official sources), the issue and procedure.
Typical structure:
1. Formal greeting
2. Country stance
3. Issue context
4. Evidence
5. Proposed solutions
6. Formal close
Judges may look for: Research, Policy accuracy, Diplomacy, Negotiation, Resolution writing
Common mistakes: Inventing country positions; Breaking character; Ignoring procedure
Practice: Write a 60-second opening speech for your country using only sourced facts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Model European Union
Simulation of EU institutions.
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Typical preparation: Research committee, country policy (from official sources), the issue and procedure.
Typical structure:
1. Formal greeting
2. Country stance
3. Issue context
4. Evidence
5. Proposed solutions
6. Formal close
Judges may look for: Research, Policy accuracy, Diplomacy, Negotiation, Resolution writing
Common mistakes: Inventing country positions; Breaking character; Ignoring procedure
Practice: Write a 60-second opening speech for your country using only sourced facts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Security Council Simulation
Crisis-focused high-stakes committee.
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Typical preparation: Research committee, country policy (from official sources), the issue and procedure.
Typical structure:
1. Formal greeting
2. Country stance
3. Issue context
4. Evidence
5. Proposed solutions
6. Formal close
Judges may look for: Research, Policy accuracy, Diplomacy, Negotiation, Resolution writing
Common mistakes: Inventing country positions; Breaking character; Ignoring procedure
Practice: Write a 60-second opening speech for your country using only sourced facts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Human Rights Council Simulation
Rights-focused committee.
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Typical preparation: Research committee, country policy (from official sources), the issue and procedure.
Typical structure:
1. Formal greeting
2. Country stance
3. Issue context
4. Evidence
5. Proposed solutions
6. Formal close
Judges may look for: Research, Policy accuracy, Diplomacy, Negotiation, Resolution writing
Common mistakes: Inventing country positions; Breaking character; Ignoring procedure
Practice: Write a 60-second opening speech for your country using only sourced facts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Crisis Committee
Fast-moving, updates mid-session.
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Typical preparation: Research committee, country policy (from official sources), the issue and procedure.
Typical structure:
1. Formal greeting
2. Country stance
3. Issue context
4. Evidence
5. Proposed solutions
6. Formal close
Judges may look for: Research, Policy accuracy, Diplomacy, Negotiation, Resolution writing
Common mistakes: Inventing country positions; Breaking character; Ignoring procedure
Practice: Write a 60-second opening speech for your country using only sourced facts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Press Corps
Students report as journalists.
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Typical preparation: Research committee, country policy (from official sources), the issue and procedure.
Typical structure:
1. Formal greeting
2. Country stance
3. Issue context
4. Evidence
5. Proposed solutions
6. Formal close
Judges may look for: Research, Policy accuracy, Diplomacy, Negotiation, Resolution writing
Common mistakes: Inventing country positions; Breaking character; Ignoring procedure
Practice: Write a 60-second opening speech for your country using only sourced facts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Policy Brief Presentation
Present a concise policy paper.
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Typical preparation: Research committee, country policy (from official sources), the issue and procedure.
Typical structure:
1. Formal greeting
2. Country stance
3. Issue context
4. Evidence
5. Proposed solutions
6. Formal close
Judges may look for: Research, Policy accuracy, Diplomacy, Negotiation, Resolution writing
Common mistakes: Inventing country positions; Breaking character; Ignoring procedure
Practice: Write a 60-second opening speech for your country using only sourced facts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.

Hosting & Broadcasting

Holding an event or broadcast together with clarity and energy.

Anchoring
Hosting a stage event.
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Typical preparation: Running order, link lines, name pronunciations, backup fillers.
Typical structure:
1. Welcome
2. Introductions
3. Link lines
4. Transitions
5. Thanks and close
Judges may look for: Fluency, Presence of mind, Energy, Timing
Common mistakes: Mispronouncing names; No filler for delays; Overshadowing performers
Practice: Write three link lines connecting unrelated acts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Assembly Hosting
Leading the school assembly.
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Typical preparation: Running order, link lines, name pronunciations, backup fillers.
Typical structure:
1. Welcome
2. Introductions
3. Link lines
4. Transitions
5. Thanks and close
Judges may look for: Fluency, Presence of mind, Energy, Timing
Common mistakes: Mispronouncing names; No filler for delays; Overshadowing performers
Practice: Write three link lines connecting unrelated acts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Master of Ceremonies
Formal event hosting.
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Typical preparation: Running order, link lines, name pronunciations, backup fillers.
Typical structure:
1. Welcome
2. Introductions
3. Link lines
4. Transitions
5. Thanks and close
Judges may look for: Fluency, Presence of mind, Energy, Timing
Common mistakes: Mispronouncing names; No filler for delays; Overshadowing performers
Practice: Write three link lines connecting unrelated acts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Award Ceremony Hosting
Announcing and celebrating winners.
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Typical preparation: Running order, link lines, name pronunciations, backup fillers.
Typical structure:
1. Welcome
2. Introductions
3. Link lines
4. Transitions
5. Thanks and close
Judges may look for: Fluency, Presence of mind, Energy, Timing
Common mistakes: Mispronouncing names; No filler for delays; Overshadowing performers
Practice: Write three link lines connecting unrelated acts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Talk-Show / Interview Hosting
Guiding a conversation with guests.
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Typical preparation: Running order, link lines, name pronunciations, backup fillers.
Typical structure:
1. Welcome
2. Introductions
3. Link lines
4. Transitions
5. Thanks and close
Judges may look for: Fluency, Presence of mind, Energy, Timing
Common mistakes: Mispronouncing names; No filler for delays; Overshadowing performers
Practice: Write three link lines connecting unrelated acts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
News Reading
Neutral, clear bulletin delivery.
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Typical preparation: Running order, link lines, name pronunciations, backup fillers.
Typical structure:
1. Welcome
2. Introductions
3. Link lines
4. Transitions
5. Thanks and close
Judges may look for: Fluency, Presence of mind, Energy, Timing
Common mistakes: Mispronouncing names; No filler for delays; Overshadowing performers
Practice: Write three link lines connecting unrelated acts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Radio Jockey
Voice-only entertainment hosting.
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Typical preparation: Running order, link lines, name pronunciations, backup fillers.
Typical structure:
1. Welcome
2. Introductions
3. Link lines
4. Transitions
5. Thanks and close
Judges may look for: Fluency, Presence of mind, Energy, Timing
Common mistakes: Mispronouncing names; No filler for delays; Overshadowing performers
Practice: Write three link lines connecting unrelated acts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Podcast Hosting
Conversational audio content.
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Typical preparation: Running order, link lines, name pronunciations, backup fillers.
Typical structure:
1. Welcome
2. Introductions
3. Link lines
4. Transitions
5. Thanks and close
Judges may look for: Fluency, Presence of mind, Energy, Timing
Common mistakes: Mispronouncing names; No filler for delays; Overshadowing performers
Practice: Write three link lines connecting unrelated acts.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.

Presentation & Professional

Explaining ideas, projects or proposals, often with visuals.

Project Presentation
Present a school project.
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Typical preparation: Outline, simple slides, rehearse Q&A.
Typical structure:
1. Problem
2. Approach
3. Findings
4. Conclusion
5. Q&A
Judges may look for: Structure, Visuals, Clarity, Q&A handling
Common mistakes: Reading slides aloud; Too much text; No rehearsal of Q&A
Practice: Explain your project in exactly 60 seconds (elevator pitch).
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Science Fair Explanation
Explain an experiment to judges.
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Typical preparation: Outline, simple slides, rehearse Q&A.
Typical structure:
1. Problem
2. Approach
3. Findings
4. Conclusion
5. Q&A
Judges may look for: Structure, Visuals, Clarity, Q&A handling
Common mistakes: Reading slides aloud; Too much text; No rehearsal of Q&A
Practice: Explain your project in exactly 60 seconds (elevator pitch).
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Business Pitch
Pitch a business idea.
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Typical preparation: Outline, simple slides, rehearse Q&A.
Typical structure:
1. Problem
2. Approach
3. Findings
4. Conclusion
5. Q&A
Judges may look for: Structure, Visuals, Clarity, Q&A handling
Common mistakes: Reading slides aloud; Too much text; No rehearsal of Q&A
Practice: Explain your project in exactly 60 seconds (elevator pitch).
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Elevator Pitch
A 30–60 second summary.
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Typical preparation: Outline, simple slides, rehearse Q&A.
Typical structure:
1. Problem
2. Approach
3. Findings
4. Conclusion
5. Q&A
Judges may look for: Structure, Visuals, Clarity, Q&A handling
Common mistakes: Reading slides aloud; Too much text; No rehearsal of Q&A
Practice: Explain your project in exactly 60 seconds (elevator pitch).
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Pecha Kucha
Timed slides, auto-advancing.
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Typical preparation: Outline, simple slides, rehearse Q&A.
Typical structure:
1. Problem
2. Approach
3. Findings
4. Conclusion
5. Q&A
Judges may look for: Structure, Visuals, Clarity, Q&A handling
Common mistakes: Reading slides aloud; Too much text; No rehearsal of Q&A
Practice: Explain your project in exactly 60 seconds (elevator pitch).
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Interview Practice
Answer questions clearly and calmly.
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Typical preparation: Outline, simple slides, rehearse Q&A.
Typical structure:
1. Problem
2. Approach
3. Findings
4. Conclusion
5. Q&A
Judges may look for: Structure, Visuals, Clarity, Q&A handling
Common mistakes: Reading slides aloud; Too much text; No rehearsal of Q&A
Practice: Explain your project in exactly 60 seconds (elevator pitch).
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.

Language & Cultural

Speaking in a specific language, including Hindi and regional-language events.

Hindi Speech
Speech delivered in Hindi.
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Typical preparation: Pronunciation drills, vocabulary, cultural context.
Typical structure:
1. Greeting
2. Main content
3. Close
Judges may look for: Pronunciation, Fluency, Vocabulary, Expression
Common mistakes: Literal translation; Rushing difficult words
Practice: Read a paragraph aloud in the competition language daily.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Regional-Language Speech
Speech in a regional language.
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Typical preparation: Pronunciation drills, vocabulary, cultural context.
Typical structure:
1. Greeting
2. Main content
3. Close
Judges may look for: Pronunciation, Fluency, Vocabulary, Expression
Common mistakes: Literal translation; Rushing difficult words
Practice: Read a paragraph aloud in the competition language daily.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Arabic / Second-Language Speech
Speaking in an additional language.
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Typical preparation: Pronunciation drills, vocabulary, cultural context.
Typical structure:
1. Greeting
2. Main content
3. Close
Judges may look for: Pronunciation, Fluency, Vocabulary, Expression
Common mistakes: Literal translation; Rushing difficult words
Practice: Read a paragraph aloud in the competition language daily.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Pronunciation Contest
Accurate pronunciation of words.
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Typical preparation: Pronunciation drills, vocabulary, cultural context.
Typical structure:
1. Greeting
2. Main content
3. Close
Judges may look for: Pronunciation, Fluency, Vocabulary, Expression
Common mistakes: Literal translation; Rushing difficult words
Practice: Read a paragraph aloud in the competition language daily.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.
Spell-and-Speak
Spell then use the word in context.
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Typical preparation: Pronunciation drills, vocabulary, cultural context.
Typical structure:
1. Greeting
2. Main content
3. Close
Judges may look for: Pronunciation, Fluency, Vocabulary, Expression
Common mistakes: Literal translation; Rushing difficult words
Practice: Read a paragraph aloud in the competition language daily.
Check your organizer's rules for timing and scoring.

Competition directory

Prepared Speech

General Speech

Informative Speech

Expository Speech

Persuasive Speech

Argumentative Speech

Original Oratory

Motivational Speech

Inspirational Speech

Special-Occasion Speech

Commemorative Speech

Demonstration Speech

Technology Speech

Current-Affairs Speech

Environmental Speech

Social-Issue Speech

Sales Pitch Competition

TED-Style Talk

Limited Preparation

Extempore Speaking

Extemporaneous Speaking

Impromptu Speaking

Just-a-Minute (JAM)

Table Topics

Prepared Impromptu

Extemporaneous Commentary

Rapid-Fire Speaking

Picture-Based Speaking

Situation Response

Word Association Speaking

Interpretation & Performance

Elocution

Declamation

Speech Interpretation

Dramatic Interpretation

Humorous Interpretation

Duo Interpretation

Dramatic Monologue

Poetry Recitation

Original Spoken-Word Poetry

Prose Reading

Storytelling

Folktale / Mythtelling

Program Oral Interpretation

Readers' Theatre

Dramatic Reading

Character Monologue

Mimicry / Impersonation

Debate

Parliamentary Debate

British Parliamentary

Asian Parliamentary

American Parliamentary

World Schools Debate

Policy Debate

Lincoln-Douglas

Public Forum

Oxford-Style Debate

Town-Hall Debate

Socratic Debate

Cross-Examination Debate

Mock Trial

Moot Court

Ethical Dilemma Debate

Karl Popper Debate

Congressional Debate

MUN & Diplomacy

Model United Nations

Model Parliament / Youth Parliament

Model Arab League

Model European Union

Security Council Simulation

Human Rights Council Simulation

Crisis Committee

Press Corps

Policy Brief Presentation

Hosting & Broadcasting

Anchoring

Assembly Hosting